原文标题:
New arrivals, old problems
Why migration is in such a mess once more
Violence and poverty are pushing the desperate towards jobs and safety
新移民,老问题
为什么移民问题再次陷入困境?
暴力和贫困迫使绝望的人们另寻工作和安全
[Paragraph 1]
ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION is taxing governments on both sides of the Atlantic.
非法移民正在给大西洋两岸的政府带来压力。
The maritime migration route between west Africa and the Canary Islands, a passage so dangerous it was avoided for years, is back in use: some 30,000 people have attempted the crossing so far in 2023.
西非和加那利群岛之间的海上移民路线是一条危险重重的通道,多年来人们一直避而远之,如今又重新启用:截至 2023 年,已有约3万人尝试海上路线。
Countries like Germany, once friendly to asylum-seekers, are slashing benefits and hastening deportations.
曾经对难民友好的德国等国正在削减福利,加速驱逐出境。
就推动因素而言,欧洲部分地区、中东和撒哈拉以南非洲地区的冲突正在驱使数百万人迁移到其他地方。(约有470万乌克兰人逃离祖国,至少是暂时逃离祖国,前往欧洲。)
Grinding poverty also pushes people to move, as does crime and gang violence.
严重贫困、犯罪和帮派暴力也迫使人们迁移。
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Now for the pulls. Most migration, of any sort, takes place within regions, rather than from the poor to rich world.
就吸引因素而言,大多数移民,不管是什么类型,都是在地区内部进行的,而不是从穷国迁移到富国。
But the relative safety of Western countries is one factor drawing migrants with the means to get to them.Tight labour markets in rich countries are another big attraction.
但西方国家相对安全的环境是一个吸引移民前往的因素。发达国家的紧张劳动力市场是另一个重要吸引因素。
Over 70% of migrants across the OECD’s countries are in work, a number that continues to climb. Average wages in the EU are now over 12 times those in sub-Saharan Africa.
在经合组织成员国中70%以上的移民有工作,而且这一数字还在持续攀升。目前,欧盟的平均工资是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的 12 倍多。
[Paragraph 5]
The numbers wishing to migrate will only grow in the coming years.
未来几年,想要移民的人数只会越来越多。
Some worry that climate change could spark an exodus.
有些人担心气候变化会引发移民潮。
A bigger concern, from the perspective of rich countries, concerns demography: as they grow older they will need more imported labour.
从发达国家的角度来看,他们更担心的是人口问题:随着年龄的增长,他们将需要更多的外来劳动力。
For decades net migration in a cluster of rich countries has accounted for a greater share of the total population than do net births (see chart 2).
几十年来,一些发达国家的净移民人数占总人口的比例一直高于净出生人数(见图2)。
Part of the problem is that the complexity of people’s migratory journeys is blurring a distinction that international law upholds rigidly.
部分问题在于,人们移民过程的复杂性使国际法严格规定的定义变得模糊不清。
It is between refugees—those unable to return to their countries of origin owing to “a well-founded fear of being persecuted” who seek help through asylum systems—and other migrants.
例如难民与其他移民的区别,难民是指那些由于 "有充分理由担心受到迫害 "而无法返回原籍国,并通过庇护系统寻求帮助的人。
The numbers claiming asylum in OECD countries last year reached a record high of 2m people.
去年,在经合组织国家申请庇护的人数达到创纪录的200万人。
Tension builds because anyone arriving in a signatory country to the UN Refugee Convention of 1951 may lodge an asylum claim.
由于任何抵达1951年《联合国难民公约》签署国的人都可以提出庇护申请,因此移民紧张情况日益加剧。
That thwarts governments’ efforts to keep newcomer numbers down.
这使得政府限制移民的政策遇到了障碍。
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What happens if someone fleeing misery also wants a job?
如果一个逃离苦难的人还想找一份工作,会发生什么?
Organised labour-migration schemes are far too small to manage either the supply of migrant labour or the demand for it.
有组织的劳工移民计划规模太小,无法管理移民劳工的供应或需求。
That can leave asylum systems as one of the only channels through which migrants may enter countries without risk of immediate deportation.
这就使得庇护系统成为移民进入各国而不会立即被驱逐出境的唯一渠道之一。
Underfunded and overwhelmed, many are buckling.
由于资金不足和不堪重负,许多劳工移民计划都在濒临崩溃。
Rich countries find themselves caught: how to balance the needs of economies beset by demography and tight labour markets with the delicate politics of immigration and asylum?
发达国家陷入两难境地:如何平衡受人口结构和劳动力市场紧张影响的经济需求,与移民和庇护的微妙政治之间的关系?
(恭喜读完,本篇英语词汇量664/1949左右,有删减)
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本文翻译整理: Irene
本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。
【重点句子】(3个)
Grinding poverty also pushes people to move, as does crime and gang violence.
严重贫困、犯罪和帮派暴力也迫使人们迁移。
But the relative safety of Western countries is one factor drawing migrants with the means to get to them.Tight labour markets in rich countries are another big attraction.
但西方国家相对安全的环境是一个吸引移民前往的因素。发达国家的紧张劳动力市场是另一个重要吸引因素。
Rich countries find themselves caught: how to balance the needs of economies beset by demography and tight labour markets with the delicate politics of immigration and asylum?
发达国家陷入两难境地:如何平衡受人口结构和劳动力市场紧张影响的经济需求,与移民和庇护的微妙政治之间的关系?