Types of Pipe Fittings Used in Piping
管道中使用的管件类型

What are Pipe Fittings?
什么是管件？

Pipe Fittings are a Piping component that helps in changing the direction of the flow, such as elbows and tees. Changes the size of the pipe, such as reducers, and reducing tees. Connect different components such as couplings and stop the flows such as Caps.
管件是一种管道组件，有助于改变流动方向，例如弯头和三通。更改管道的大小，例如异径管和减速三通。连接不同的组件，如联轴器，并停止流动，如盖子。

There are different types of pipe fitting used in piping. Pipe Fittings used in piping work are listed below.
管道中使用了不同类型的管件。下面列出了管道工程中使用的管件。

Elbow 弯头

Tee三通

Reducer 异径管

Union 活接头

Coupling 管箍

Adapters 适配器

Olet (Weldolet, Sockolet, Elbowlet, Thredolet, Nipolet, Letrolet, Swepolet)
Olet （Weldolet， Sockolet， Elbowlet， Thredolet， Nipolet， Letrolet， Swepolet）

Valve 阀

Cross 四通

Cap管帽

Swage Nipple 缩径管

Plug 堵头

Bush 补芯

Expansion Joint 伸缩缝

Steam Traps 蒸汽疏水阀

Long Radius Bend 长半径弯曲

Flanges 法兰

You can see the chart above that lists the most widely used standard pipe fittings. These standard fittings are either forging or wrought. Only seamless pipes are used to produce wrought fittings. Large diameter welded fittings are manufactured from the plate.
您可以看到上面的图表，其中列出了使用最广泛的标准管件。这些标准配件要么是锻造的，要么是锻造的。只有无缝管用于生产锻造配件。大直径焊接配件由板制成。

These Fittings are available in different types of end connections.
这些接头可用于不同类型的端部连接。

Pipe Fittings End Connection Type
管件端部连接类型

Pipe Elbow 管道弯头

The Elbow is used more than any other pipe fittings. It provides flexibility to change the pipe direction. Elbow is mainly available in two standard types 90° and 45°. However, it Can be cut to any other degree. Elbows are available in two radius types, Short radius (1D) and Long Radius (1.5D).
弯头的使用比任何其他管件都多。它提供了改变管道方向的灵活性。弯头主要有两种标准类型90°和45°。但是，它可以削减到任何其他程度。弯头有两种半径类型，短半径 （1D） 和长半径 （1.5D）。

90 Degree Elbow 90度弯头

90 Degree elbow is installed between the pipe to change the direction of the pipe by 90 Degree. Available in long and short radius form.
90度弯头安装在管道之间，以改变管道的方向90度。提供长半径和短半径形式。

45 Degree Elbow
45度弯头

45 Degree elbow is installed between the pipe to change the direction of the pipe by 45 Degree.
管道之间安装45度弯头，使管道方向改变45度。

Long Radius Elbow 长半径弯头

In a long radius elbow, the centreline radius is 1.5 times the nominal size of the pipe or you can say 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe. Normally long radius elbows are used in piping as pressure loss is less as compared to short radius elbows. It required more space than a short radius elbow.
在长半径弯头中，中心线半径是管道公称尺寸的 1.5 倍，或者您可以说是管道直径的 1.5 倍。通常，管道中使用长半径弯头，因为与短半径弯头相比，压力损失较小。它比短半径弯头需要更多的空间。

Short Radius Elbow 短半径弯头

In a short radius elbow, the centreline radius is the same as the nominal size of the pipe, or you can say one times the diameter of the pipe. Short radius elbows are used under limited space applications. However, it has a high-pressure drop due to a sudden change in the direction of flow.
在短半径弯头中，中心线半径与管道的公称尺寸相同，或者您可以说是管道直径的一倍。短半径弯头用于有限空间的应用。然而，由于流动方向的突然变化，它具有高压降。

Reducing Elbow

The 90 reducing elbows is designed to change direction and reduce the pipe size within a piping system. The reducing elbow eliminates one pipe fitting and reduces the welding by more than one-third. Also, the gradual reduction in diameter throughout the arc of the reducing elbow provides lower resistance to flow and reduces the effect of stream turbulence and potential internal erosion. These features prevent sizeable pressure drops in the line.

Pipe Bend 弯管

Long radius pipeline bends are used in fluid transportation lines which require pigging. Due to their long radius and smooth change of direction, the pipe bend has very less pressure drop, and a smooth flow of fluid & pig is possible. 3D and 5D Pipe bends are commonly available. Here, D is the pipe size.
长半径管道弯管用于需要清管的流体输送管路。由于半径长，方向变化平稳，弯管压降非常小，流体和清气管的平稳流动是可能的。通常可以使用 3D 和 5D 弯管。这里，D 是管道尺寸。

Miter Bend 斜弯

Miter bends are not standard pipe fittings they are fabricated from pipes. Usually, they are preferred for sizes 10” & above because large size elbow is expensive. The use of miter bend is restricted to the low-pressure water line. Miter bend can be fabricated in 2, 3, & 5 pieces.
斜接弯头不是标准管件，它们由管道制成。通常，它们是10英寸及以上尺寸的首选，因为大尺寸弯头很贵。斜切弯管的使用仅限于低压水管。斜接弯曲可以制成2,3和5件。

Returns – 180 Degree Elbow

返回 – 180 度弯头

Returning elbows are used to make a 180º change in direction. Available in short & long patterns. Returns are used in the heating coil, heat exchanger, tank vent, etc.
返回弯头用于在方向上进行 180º 改变。提供短型和长型。回流用于加热盘管、热交换器、储罐排气口等。

Pipe Tee 管三通

A pipe tee is used for distributing or collecting the fluid from the run pipe. It is a short piece of pipe with a 90-degree branch at the center. Two types of Tee are used in piping: Equal / Straight Tee and Reducing / Unequal Tee.
管道三通用于分配或收集来自管路管的流体。它是一根短管，中心有一个 90 度的分支。管道中使用两种类型的三通：等/直三通和减径/不等三通。

Straight Tee 直三通

In straight tee, the diameter of the branch is the same as the diameter of the Run (Header) Pipe.
在直三通中，分支的直径与管路（集管）管的直径相同。

Reducing Tee 减少三通

In reducing tee, the diameter of the branch size is smaller than the diameter of the Run (Header) Pipe
在减小三通时，分支尺寸的直径小于管路（集管）管的直径

Barred Tee 杠铃

A barred tee, also known as a scrapper tee, is used in pigged pipelines. The tee branch has a restriction bar welded internally to prevent the pig or scrapper from entering the branch. The bars are welded in the branch in a way that it will allow restriction-free passage of the pig from the run pipe.
钢筋三通，也称为刮板三通，用于清管管道。三通分支内部焊接有限制杆，以防止回收球或刮板进入分支。杆材焊接在树枝上，允许回收球从运行管中不受限制地通过。

Wye Tee / Lateral
星形三通 / 侧

It is a type of Tee that has a branch at a 45° angle or an angle other than 90°. Wye tee allows one pipe to be joined to another at a 45° angle. This type of tee reduces friction and turbulence that could hamper the flow. Wye tee is also known as a lateral.
它是一种三通，其分支呈 45° 角或 90° 以外的角度。星形三通允许一根管道以 45° 角连接到另一根管道。这种类型的三通减少了可能阻碍流动的摩擦和湍流。星形三通也称为侧形。

Cross 渡

Cross is also known as four-way pipe fitting. A cross has one inlet and three outlets (or vice versa). Generally, crosses are not used in process piping to transport fluid. But forged crosses are common in the firewater sprinkler line.
十字也称为四通管件。十字架有一个入口和三个出口（反之亦然）。通常，十字不用于工艺管道中输送流体。但锻造十字架在消防喷水灭火线中很常见。

Pipe Reducers 管道减速机

A pipe reducer changes the size of the pipe. There are two types of reducers used in piping Concentric & Eccentric.
管道减速器更改管道的尺寸。管道同心和偏心使用两种类型的减速器。

Concentric Pipe Reducer or Conical Reducer
同心管减速机或锥形减速机

In a Concentric reducer, also known as a conical reducer, the center of both ends is on the same axis. It maintains the centerline elevation of the pipeline. When the center lines of the larger and smaller pipe are to be maintained the same, concentric reducers are used.
在同心减速器（也称为锥形减速器）中，两端的中心在同一轴上。它保持管线的中心线高程。当较大和较小管道的中心线保持相同时，使用同心异径管。

Eccentric Reducer 偏心减速机

In the Eccentric reducer, the center of both ends is on a different axis, as shown in the image. It maintains the BOP (bottom of pipe) elevation of the pipeline. When one of the outside surfaces of the pipeline is to be maintained the same, eccentric reducers are required.
在偏心减速器中，两端的中心位于不同的轴上，如图所示。它保持管道的 BOP（管道底部）高程。当管道的一个外表面要保持不变时，需要偏心减速器。

Offset = ( Larger ID – Smaller ID) / 2
偏移量 =（较大的 ID – 较小的 ID）/ 2

Swage Reducer 压型减速机

The swage is like reducers but small in size and used to connect pipes to smaller screwed or socket welded pipes. Like reducers, they are also available in concentric & eccentric types. Swages are available in different end types. Such as both plain ends or one plain and one threaded end.
压片类似于减速器，但尺寸小，用于将管道连接到较小的螺纹或承插焊管。与减速器一样，它们也有同心和偏心类型。焊机有不同的端部类型。如平端或一平端和一螺纹端。

Pipe Caps 管帽

The cap covers the end of a pipe. Pipe caps are used at the dead end of the piping system. It is also used in piping headers for future connections.
盖子覆盖管道的末端。管帽用于管道系统的死角。它还用于管道集管，用于将来的连接。

Stub Ends 存根端

Stub ends are used with a lap joint flange. In this type of flange, the stub is butt welded to the pipe, whereas the flange is freely moved over the stub end. It is basically a flange part but covered under ASME B16.9, which is why it is considered pipe fittings.
短端与搭接法兰一起使用。在这种类型的法兰中，短截线对焊到管道上，而法兰在短截端自由移动。它基本上是一个法兰部件，但被ASME B16.9覆盖，这就是为什么它被认为是管件。

Piping Union 管道接头

Unions are used as an alternative to flanges connection in low-pressure small bore piping where the dismantling of the pipe is required more often. Unions can be threaded ends, or socket weld ends. There are three pieces in a union, a nut, a female end, and a male end. When the female and male ends are joined, the nuts provide the necessary pressure to seal the joint.
在低压小口径管道中，接头用作法兰连接的替代方案，其中需要更频繁地拆卸管道。接头可以是螺纹端部或承插焊端部。一个接头有三块，一个螺母，一个母端和一个公端。当母端和公端连接时，螺母提供必要的压力来密封接头。

Pipe Coupling 管接头

There are three types of coupling available;
有三种类型的联轴器可供选择;

Full Coupling 全联轴器

Half Coupling 半联轴器

Reducing Coupling 减少耦合

Full Coupling 全联轴器

Full Coupling is used for connecting small bore pipes. It is used to connect pipe to pipe or pipe to swage or nipple. It can be threaded or socket ends types.
全联轴器用于连接小口径管道。它用于将管道连接到管道或管道连接到压型或接头。它可以是螺纹或插座端类型。

Half Coupling 半联轴器

Half Coupling is used for small bore branching from a vessel or large pipe. It can be threaded or socket type. It has a socket or thread end on only one side.
半联轴器用于从容器或大管道进行小孔径分支。它可以是螺纹或插座类型。它仅在一侧有一个插座或螺纹端。

Reducing Coupling 减少耦合

Reducing coupling is used to connect two different sizes of pipe. It is like a concentric reducer that maintains a centerline of the pipe but is small in size.
减速联轴器用于连接两种不同尺寸的管道。它就像一个同心减速器，保持管道的中心线，但尺寸很小。

Pipe Nipple 管接头

The nipple is a short pipe stub with a male pipe thread at each end or at one end. It is used for connecting two other fittings. Nipples are used for connecting pipes, hoses, and valves. Pipe nipples are used in low-pressure piping.
阳接头是一个短管短管，两端或一端各有一个外螺纹。它用于连接另外两个配件。阳接头用于连接管道、软管和阀门。管接头用于低压管道。

Socket weld and Threaded Pipe Fittings
承插焊和螺纹管件

Socket weld and Threaded Pipe Fittings are forged products and classified based on their pressure-temperature rating. They are available from NPS 1/8” to 4”. These fittings are available in four pressure-temperature rating classes.
承插焊和螺纹管件是锻造产品，并根据其压力-温度额定值进行分类。它们从NPS 1/8“到4”不等。这些接头有四种压力-温度额定等级。

2000 class fittings are available only in threaded type.
2000 级接头仅提供螺纹型。

3000 & 6000 class fittings are available in both Threaded and Socket Weld types.
3000 和 6000 级接头有螺纹焊和承插焊两种类型。

9000 class fittings are available in only the socket weld type.
9000 类接头仅提供承插焊类型。

These fittings are used for small bore and low-pressure piping.
这些接头用于小孔径和低压管道。

Socket Weld Elbow 承插焊接弯头

Tee and Cross Socket Weld Type
三通和交叉承插焊类型

Threaded Pipe Fittings 螺纹管件

Pipe Fittings dimensions of the fittings must meet the requirements of the standard,
管件的尺寸必须符合标准的要求，

For Wrought Product (WP) Dimension is covered in
对于锻造产品 （WP） 尺寸包含在

ASME B16.9- which is standard for Factory-made Wrought Butt-welding Fittings for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 48” and
ASME B16.9- 这是工厂制造的锻造对焊配件的标准，尺寸为 NPS 1⁄₂ 至 NPS 48“和

And B16.28- which is standard for Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 24”
B16.28- 这是锻钢对焊短半径弯头的标准配置，尺寸为 NPS 1⁄₂ 至 NPS 24”

For Forged Fittings, Dimensions are covered in,
对于锻造配件，尺寸包含在，

ASME B16.11- a standard for Forged Steel Fittings that covers Socket Welding and Threaded fittings
ASME B16.11 - 锻钢配件标准，涵盖承插焊接和螺纹配件