扩展句型——双宾语与宾语加宾补的区别
英语思维EME2022-01-21 13:35
英语中三种最基本句型前面已经说过，此节内容的重点如何扩展最基本句型，让他们变得更丰富，让意思表达更完整或更精准。先举一个主谓宾扩展的典型实例：
Police chased the car. 主、谓、宾 Police chased the car at speeds of up to 90 mph. 动补 Police chased the car at speeds of up to 90 mph on the road. 状语（adverbial prepositional phrase） Police chased the red car at speeds of up to 90 mph on the road through the mountains. 定语
一、扩展主谓宾结构
Give the letter to me, please. 介词短语做动补 Give me the letter, please. 双宾语 They gave a prize to the best chef. These meetings give everyone a chance to express their opinions. This bill will give more power to local authorities. I was wrong to trust him. I'll give you that. 我承认你是对的 He made a toy horse for her. He made her a toy horse. He played the record he had just bought for us. He played us the record he had just bought. I have allowed half a bottle of wine for each person. He allows his son too much money. The oil spill is causing problems for coastal fisheries. 原油泄漏给沿海渔业带来了问题 You have caused us a lot of unnecessary worry.
The project was designed to provide young men with work. 给年轻人提供了工作。 You’re refusing to provide us with your name. An informer supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime. He has been charged with murder. They threatened to shoot him and robbed him of all his possessions. That song always reminds me of our first date. The officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. Henry accused her of lying. The dealer had assured me of its quality. Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna. 治愈她与安娜在一起时的不耐烦 He struggled to rid himself of his fears.
2、上面的这种结构特别像双宾语变形前的结构，也有人说省略介词之后就是双宾语结构了。其实不然，这种结构实质是【介词短语做动补修饰动词】，注意体会【双宾语】与它的区别，后者动词的直接作用对象是直接宾语【direct object】，而前者动词的直接作用对象也是宾语，但没有间接宾语，宾语后面的介词短语在句中做动补，用来修饰动词。
She forgave his rudeness for him.
She forgave him his rudeness. 原谅粗鲁这个事，与原谅人无关【动词直接作用于his rudeness】
He never forgave her for walking out on him. 不原谅她这个人，因背叛他这个事【动词直接作用于her】
The children proudly showed their presents for me. The children proudly showed me their presents. 展示礼物【双宾语】 I'll show you to your room. 带你看看【介词短语做动补修饰动词】
说明：为了进一步说明【SVOPO】结构才是英语思维中的常规结构，再列举一些实例，这其中包括人与人，人与物，物与人，物与物的关系。
Let me introduce you to Henry.
Please don't bring your children with you for a business interview.
Don't forget to remember me to your family. 记得代我向你们家人问好
I treated myself to a new dress. 我要奖励我一条新裙子
Henry introduced me to the joys of wine-tasting. 品酒的乐趣
How has your last job prepared you for this position. 你的上一份工作是如何为你竞争这个职位做准备的？
He explained the situation to my bank manager. I mentioned the idea to Henry, and he seemed to like it. The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests. Henry charged the drinks to his room. 把饮料记他房间账上 He touched his hand to her hair. 他把他的手伸向她的头发 He put a cup of coffee on the table.
3、宾补【SVOC】与双宾语的区别，除了上面所说的动词的直接作用对象不一样之外，还有一个区别：宾语与宾补有紧密的主谓关系；而双宾语之间没有这种关系。
I found him somewhat recovered. 我发现他恢复了一些 He made his son a doctor. 名词 I don't expect you to approve of my decision. 不定式 Do you know someone who can work the photocopier? 从句 We heard his dog barking at the wind. 分词（participle）
说明：宾补中的被动结构。注意：【being】在其中的重要作用。
I saw the cat eating it. I saw it being eaten by the cat. 【being】不能省略，强调正在进行 I saw it eaten by the cat. 强调已经完成
The manager promised to keep me informed of how our business was going on. 被通知 I want every man on this cellblock questioned. 被质问 Don't leave the young plants exposed to strong sunlight. 被暴露 You can find a lot of information sent from all over the world. 许多信息被从世界各地发过来 I have never heard this song sung in English before. 被唱 This must be an unknown language to us because we have never heard it spoken. 被说过
I had my hair cut this morning. 让别人给自己理发 A hairdresser cut my hair. I cut my hair this morning. 我自己理发（可能是对着镜子) I'm going to have my apartment painted. 让别人刷房子 I'm going to ask someone to paint my apartment. I'm going to paint my apartment. 我自己刷房子
I'd like to have my photo taken.
When are you having the heater installed?
说明：【have】更正式一些；【get】更口语化一些，强调【dynamic】。
I got my bike stolen. 被偷了
My bike was stolen.
He got his leg broken in a car crash. 被弄断了
His leg was broken in a car crash.
Could you get this jacket cleaned?
We must keep the classroom [that is] clean. She kept her eyes tightly [that was] closed. He made his son [who is] a doctor.
When firemen split open your door, they need an axe to do it. The young birds are using their hard beaks to break open the shell. Don't let loose what you want to say. First think carefully. 不要脱口而出，先要想清楚 She let loose a string of four-letter words. 她说了一串四字词 I wanted to make sure you were all right. I need to make sure that you're all-in, Henry. 确信你是全身心投入 Please make sure that your seatbelts are fastened. You're asking me to let down people who trust me. The band has cut short its US concert tour. 缩减了行程
二、扩展主谓（不及物动词）
The boy played with his toy soldier. 介词短语 The officer returned to help the inspectors. 动词不定式 He's struggling to bring up a family alone. 努力供养一家人 I happened to see Henry in town. 碰巧遇见了 Doctors failed to save the girl's life. He fell trying to escape. 分词，他在试图逃跑中摔落 He jumped as high as he could. You're acting as if you were still a teenager. 从句 We met because we needed to talk.
三、扩展主系补或主系表
主系补结构，也就是主语 + 连系动词 + 主语补足语（SVC：Subject + Verb + Complement）。关于主系补结构的扩展，主要是在其后跟介词短语，不定式和名词性从句等等。
He felt alone in the world.
He is good at math.
She was afraid of what they would think of her.
I'm very happy to know you. The crowd seemed impatient to begin. We were a little curious why they decided to leave.
四、总结
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