英语状态动词小课堂 Stative Verbs and Continuous Tenses
英语东2021-02-12 23:06
20:19
Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and I'm so excited to be bringing you this lesson today.
大家好呀！我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道，我非常激动可以给大家带来这节课程。
It's a grammar point that is so often overlooked by English teachers but one that's gonna reveal some little known secrets about English verbs. And these secrets are gonna dramatically improve your English accuracy, particularly when it comes to continuous tenses.
这是一个语法点，却经常被英语老师忽略，但是它会透露一些关于英语动词的鲜为人知的小秘密。这些小秘密将极大地提高你的英语准确度，尤其是涉及进行时态的时候。
We're talking about stative verbs and usually stative verbs can't be used in continuous tenses though this is a common mistake for a lot of my students. Now you might be thinking stative verbs, surely they're not that common?
我们要谈论的是状态动词，通常来说，状态动词不能用于进行时态，尽管这对我很多学生来说，这都是一个很常见的错误。现在你可能正在想状态动词，它们肯定没有那么常见吧？
Surely there's just a few of them that I've got to worry about. Well, have I got news for you.
我肯定只需要担心其中的一部分就行了吧。额，我有消息要告诉你。
Some of the most common English verbs are stative verbs. You use them every time that you speak in English.
一些最常见的英语动词是其实是状态动词。每次你说英语的时候，都会用到它们。
So this lesson is really important, I want you to watch it all the way through and save it. So what on earth is a stative verb anyway?
所以本节课非常重要，我希望你能够一直坚持到最后，然后把它给保存下来。那么，状态动词到底是什么呢？
Stative verbs are also called state verbs. They express a state, rather than an action.
状态动词也称为状态（state）动词。它们表达的是一种状态，而不是一个行为。
And they're often related to things like our thoughts and our opinions, our senses our feelings and emotions, possession and then a bunch of other verbs that aren't really actions. But don't worry, we'll take a closer look at all of those different types of verbs in a minute.
而且它们经常与我们的思想和观点、我们的感觉和情感以及我们拥有的东西以及一些不是真正的动作动词有关系。但是不用担心，我们将在一分钟之后仔细研究一下所有这些不同类型的动词。
The most important thing that you need to know is that many of them are used only in the simple tenses. So that's the present simple, past simple, present perfect simple, past perfect simple and the future simple.
你需要了解的最重要的事情是，其中很多动词仅用于一般时态。那就是一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时和一般将来时。
So that means you can't use stative verbs in which tenses? The present continuous, the past continuous, the present perfect continuous, the past perfect continuous and the future continuous.
因此，这意味着你不能在什么时态中使用状态动词呢？现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时和将来进行时。
Now unlike many things in English grammar, this rule is a simple one to remember. Stative verbs can only be used in simple tenses.
与英语语法中的许多点不同，这个规则很容易就可以记住。状态动词只能用于一般时态。
Now there are some exceptions, there's always exceptions in English, right? But I will talk about those in much more detail later in this lesson.
不过还是有一些例外，英语总是有例外，对吧？但是，我将在本课程的后面详细讨论这些内容。
Hear. Know.
听。知道。
Have. Like.
拥有。喜欢。
Measure. These are all examples of a stative verb.
衡量。这些都是状态动词的例子。
Now I said that stative verbs describe a state, but what does that really mean? The verb hear requires no action from its subject.
我说过状态动词描述的是一种状态，但这到底是什么意思呢？动词“听到”不需要其主语主动采取任何动作。
Did you hear the sound? When the alarm goes off, you're gonna hear it whether you choose to hear it or not, right?
你听到了声音吗？警报响起时，无论你是否选择听见，都会听到，对吧？
Hearing is one of the five senses, it's not an action that we can choose to do. Hear is a state verb.
听觉是五种感官之一，不是我们可以选择做的动作。“Hear”是一个状态动词。
But the verb listen is an action verb. Are you listening to me?
但是动词“listen”是一个动作动词。你在听我说吗？
We get to choose whether or not we listen to someone or something, right? If you don't wanna listen to the radio, it's up to you, you can turn it off.
我们可以选择是否听某人或某件事，对吗？如果你不想听广播的话，这取决于你，你可以将其关闭。
The same rule applies with the verbs see, watch and look. See is a sense.
同样的规则适用于动词 see，watch 和 look。“See”是一种感官。
Watch and look are actions. So far so good?
“Watch”和“look”是动作。到目前为止还不错吧？
Where things can get a little tricky is that some verbs have both an active and a stative meaning. The verb measure is a good example.
可能会有些复杂的地方是某些动词既具有动作，也具有状态的含义。动词 measure 就是一个很好的例子。
We can say: The table measures sixty centimetres by sixty centimetres.
我们可以说：桌子的尺寸为60厘米乘60厘米。
So here, measure is describing the quality of the table, it describes a fact. So in this context, measure is a state.
所以在这里，measure 描述的是桌子的属性，它描述的是一个事实。因此在这种情况下，measure 是一种状态。
I'm measuring the window to fit the curtains. Here, measure is an action.
我正在测量窗户来适应窗帘。在这个例子中，measure 是一个动作。
So I'm carrying out the action of measuring for the curtains. There are more verbs that fit into the category and I'll share a few more of them with you as we go through this lesson.
所以我正在对窗帘进行测量。该类别中还有更多其他的动词，在本节课进行的过程中，我会给大家分享更多的。
But now that we've got those basics down, let's get stuck into learning about stative verbs in context. We can break stative verbs down into about five categories.
但是，既然我们已经掌握了这些基础知识，下面让我们继续学习在语境中使用状态动词吧。我们可以将状态动词大概分成五类。
The first one is verbs of thought and opinion. The best way to recognise and remember new words is to learn them in context.
第一类是思想和观点动词。认出和记住新单词的最好方法是在上下文中学习它们。
Now there are two stative verbs in that sentence, can you see them? Recognise and remember.
该句子中有两个状态动词，你能看出来吗？认出和记住。
So they're both verbs of thought and opinion, so they're both stative verbs. It's incorrect to say:
它们都是描述思想和观点的动词，所以它们都是状态动词。这样说是不对的：
I'm recognising the man across the street. I am not remembering your name.
我正在认出街对面的那个人。我没有正在记住你的名字。
Stative verbs need simple tenses. We just say:
状态动词需要一般时态。我们说的是：
I recognise that man. I don't remember your name.
我认识那个男人。我不记得你的名字了。
Let's try another one. I agree, it can be hard to understand the difference between English tenses.
让我们试一下另一个吧。我同意，可能理解英语时态之间的区别会挺难的。
You have to know the rules inside out. So which is the stative verb there?
你必须完全了解规则。那么，这里的状态动词是什么？
Do you know? Agree.
你知道吗？同意。
Understand. And know.
理解。和知道。
She agrees with me. Not she is agreeing with me.
她同意我的看法。不是她正在同意我。
We understand you. Not we are understanding you.
我理解你。不是我们正在理解你。
You know him. Not you are knowing him.
你认识他。不是你正在认识他。
There are lots more verbs that fit into the category of thought and opinion. Believe. Concern.
还有很多的动词属于思想和观点这一类。相信。关心。
Disagree. Doubt. Forget. Imagine.
不同意。怀疑。忘记。想象。
Realise. Suppose. These are all stative verbs.
意识到。假设。这些都是状态动词。
Not a complete list but they're just some of the most common verbs of thought and opinion. The second group of stative verbs are verbs of the senses.
这并不是一个完整的清单，但它们是思想和观点这一类中最常见的动词。第二组状态动词是感官动词。
Now we have five senses. Do you know what they are?
我们有五种感官。你知道它们是什么吗？
See with your eyes. Hear with your ears.
用眼睛看。用耳朵听。
Touch with your fingers. Taste with your mouth.
用手指触摸。用嘴尝。
And smell with your nose. Verbs of the senses are stative verbs so we don't usually use them in the continuous tenses.
用鼻子闻。感官动词是状态动词，因此我们通常不会在进行时态中使用它们。
Notice that I said usually, we don't usually use them in the continuous tenses. Now verbs of the senses are a little bit special and that's because we can also use them to talk about the act of tasting, smelling or feeling.
注意我说的是通常，我们通常不会在进行时态中使用它们。感官的动词有些特殊，这是因为我们也可以用它们来谈论品尝、嗅或触摸的行为。
We can say: I'm tasting the cake to make sure it's OK.
我们可以说：我在尝蛋糕，以确保它还不错。
We can also say: This cake tastes delicious.
我们也可以说：这蛋糕尝起来很好吃。
One is an action, can you guess which one? This one.
有一个是动作，你能猜出是哪一个吗？这一个。
I'm actively tasting the cake. I'm checking to make sure that it's yummy.
我正在积极地品尝蛋糕。我正在检查，以确保它很好吃。
This one is a state. It relates to perception.
这个是状态。它与感知有关。
My perception of the cake is that it's delicious. So I'm not describing an action here.
我对蛋糕的感知是它很美味。在这里我描述的并不是一个动作。
In that context, it's incorrect to say: The cake is tasting delicious.
在那种语境中，这样说是不对的：蛋糕正在尝起来很好吃。
We just say: The cake tastes delicious. Another thing to be aware of is that the verb see has a few different meanings.
我们可以说：蛋糕尝起来很好吃。要注意的另一件事是动词 see 具有几种不同的含义。
So we can say: I saw Ruby at the supermarket. In that sentence see is a verb of the sense so it's stative.
所以我们可以说：我在超市看到了露比。在那句话中，see 是感官动词，因此是描述状态的。
But look at these examples. I'm seeing Ruby tomorrow.
但是看看这些例子吧。我明天要见露比。
He is seeing someone new. So seeing means meeting.
他正在看望一个新朋友。所以 seeing 是见面的意思。
I'm meeting Ruby tomorrow. And it also means being in a relationship.
我明天要见露比。它还有处于一段关系中的意思。
He's in a relationship with someone new. So in these sentences, the verb see is describing an action.
他正在和一个新的人谈恋爱。因此，在这些句子中，动词 see 描述的是一个动作。
And in that context, it's perfectly okay to use a continuous tense. The third group is verbs of feeling and emotion.
在这种语境中，使用进行时态是完全可以的。第三类是感觉和情感动词。
I need to find out what Gloria likes doing in her free time. Now there were two verbs of feelings or emotion in that sentence.
我需要搞清楚格洛莉娅在业余时间喜欢做什么。这个句子中有两个感觉或情感动词。
Can you guess which ones they are? Need and like.
你能猜出是哪两个吗？需要和喜欢。
You can absolutely use these verbs in the simple tenses but it's incorrect to use them in the continuous form. I was needing some information.
你是绝对可以在一般时态中使用这些动词的，但是如果是用它们的进行时形式的话就不对了。我正在需要一些信息。
What is Gloria liking? Now of course, there are lots of other verbs that fit into this category.
格洛莉娅正在喜欢什么？当然了，有许多其他动词也属于这一类别。
Verbs like: Love Dislike. Adore.
比如说：爱。 不喜欢。喜欢。
Wish. Prefer. And surprise.
希望。更喜欢。还有惊喜。
These are all verbs of feeling and emotion and you should avoid using them in continuous tenses. The fourth group is verbs of possession.
这些都是感觉和情感动词，你应该避免在进行时态中使用它们。第四类是拥有类动词。
They're verbs like Belong. Own. Possess. and have.
它们包括这些：属于。拥有。占有和拥有。
The bicycle belongs to my brother. But not: The bicycle is belonging to my brother.
自行车是我兄弟的。但不是：自行车正属于我兄弟。
She owns a red Ferrari. She has been owning a red Ferrari for a long time.
她拥有一辆红色法拉利。她拥有红色法拉利车已有很长时间了。
Now the verb have also falls into this category but only when it means to own or possess something. Now have is a bit of an exception so I'm going to go into more detail about it later on in the lesson.
现在，动词 have 也属于这一类，但仅当它意味着拥有某物时。Have 有一点例外，因此我将在本课程的后面部分对这个词进行更详细的介绍。
The last group of stative verbs is well it's just everything else. And by that I just mean any other verbs that aren't actions.
第五类状态动词，额，就是剩下的全部了。我的意思是那些不是动作的动词。
Like: Depend Deserve.
比如说：取决于。 值得。
Promise. Owe.
承诺。亏欠。
Seem. Fit.
看起来。适应。
Weigh. And measure.
重。还有衡量。
So these verbs don't describe an action. I promise not to be late.
这些动词并没有描述一个动作。我保证不会迟到了。
Is promise an action? When I make a promise, I don't actually do anything, do I?
承诺是一个动作吗？当我做出承诺时，我实际上什么都没做，是吧？
I just say the words. I promise.
我只是这样说了。我承诺。
But there's no physical action there, is there? It's just a stative verb.
但是并没有实际的动作，对吧？它就是个状态动词。
So I can't say: I am promising not to be late.
所以我不可以说：我正在保证不会迟到。
That's incorrect. We just use the present simple here.
那是不对的。我们只能在这里使用一般现在时。
I promise. How about: I owe you ten dollars.
我保证。这个怎么样：我欠你十美元。
Is owe an action? If I said: Here's ten dollars and gave you a ten dollar note well giving is an action, right?
亏欠是一个动作吗？如果我说：给你十美元，这里的给是个动词，对吧？
But to owe someone money that's not an action. So I can't say:
但是欠某人钱不是一个动作。所以我不能说：
I'm owing you ten dollars, can I? We just keep it simple.
我正在欠你十美元，可以吗？我们只能使用一般时。
I owe you. I know there are a few things that are confusing about stative verbs.
我亏欠你。我知道状态动词有一些令人困惑的地方。
Perhaps you've seen the words loving, smelling, and owing around. And now you're wondering why is Emma telling me that using these verbs in this form is wrong?
也许你见过 loving，smelling 和 owing 这种说法。你是不是想知道为什么艾玛告诉我，使用这些动词的这种形式是不对的？
Just because you can't use these verbs in continuous tenses, doesn't mean that you won't see them in an -ing form. What?
仅仅是因为你不能使用这些动词的进行时态，并不意味着你不能看到它们的-ing 形式。什么？
Don't worry, this is something that confuses a lot of my students. It's one of those really annoying things about English grammar.
别担心，这让我的很多学生感到困惑。这是英语语法真正令人讨厌的方面之一。
-ing forms aren't only used for continuous verb tenses. We use them as adjectives, and nouns too, don't we?
-ing形式不仅用于动词进行时态。我们用它们作为形容词和名词，对吧？
Remember our friend, the gerund? But I have got a super little tip for you.
还记得我们的朋友，动名词吗？但我要告诉大家一个小窍门。
A great way to check if it's an -ing form of a verb is to look for the auxiliary verb be. Be will always be there if it's a continuous verb form.
检查这到底是是不是动词的-ing 形式的很好的方法之一是寻找助动词 be。如果是动词进行时的话，be 肯定是一直会在的。
Auxiliary verb be plus the main verb in -ing form. That equals the continuous tense.
助动词 be 加上主动词的 -ing形式。那就是进行时态。
We were listening to music. Sarah is having a baby in March.
我们在听音乐。莎拉要在三月份生孩子。
Can you see those auxiliary verbs? They're telling us that listening and having, they're action verbs.
你能看到助动词吗？它们表明 listening 和 having，它们都是动作动词。
But take a look at these sentences. I heard some surprising news.
但是看看这些句子。我听到了一些令人惊讶的消息。
Is surprising a verb? Surprising is an adjective and it modifies the noun news.
Surprising 是一个动词吗？令人惊讶的是一个形容词，它修饰的是名词新闻。
Gives us some extra information. Playing football is his passion.
给我们一些额外的信息。踢足球是他热爱的事情。
Playing is a gerund. Playing football is the subject of our sentence.
Playing 是一个动名词。踢足球是我们句子的主语。
It's a noun phrase. Seeing is believing.
这是一个名词短语。所见即所得。
What about here? Are either of these verbs?
那这个呢？有这种动词吗？
This one's a bit tricky. In this example, both seeing and believing are gerunds.
那有一点点难度。在这个例子中，看到和相信都是动名词。
They're nouns but they look like verbs. So this structure is just the same as saying:
它们都是名词，但看起来像动词。所以这个结构和下面这句话是类似的：
Tomorrow is Monday. Tomorrow and Monday are nouns.
明天是周一。明天和星期一是名词。
Seeing and believing are also nouns. So even though these words shouldn't be used as verbs in -ing form, you will definitely see them around as adjectives and nouns.
看到和相信也是名词。即使这些单词不能以 -ing 形式用作动词，你还是可以看到它们作为形容词和名词的。
Probably the most complicated part of this is that there's a groups of verbs that have both an active and a stative meaning. And they're the ones that require you to really think about the meaning of the verb before you decide which tense is appropriate to use.
其中最复杂的部分是有一组动词，它们既有行为也有状态动词的意义。在决定使用哪个时态合适之前，它们需要你思考动词是什么意思。
Now I've been pointing them out as we've been going through this lesson, but I really just want to spend a couple of minutes going a little deeper here on the common ones. I mentioned that have is a stative verb when it means possession.
在我们学习本节课程的过程中，我一直在把它们点出来，但是我想花几分钟来更深入地探讨一下哪些常见的。我说过当表示拥有的时候，have 是一个状态动词。
Micky has a red bike. So here, if we replace has with own, or possess, we know it's a stative verb.
米奇有一辆红色的自行车。所以在这里，如果我们用 own 或者是 possess 来代替 has 的话，我们知道它是一个状态动词。
And the meaning stays the same, right? We can assume that have is stative.
意义保持不变，对不对？我们可以说 have 在这里是状态动词。
So that means we can't say Mickey is having a red bike. It's the same when we use have to describe a quality.
所以这意味着我们不能说米奇正在拥有一辆红色的自行车。当我们用 have 来描述品质的时候，也是一样的。
They have brown hair. So we can replace have with possess in this sentence.
他们拥有棕色的头发。所以这句里面的 have 可以用 possess 来替代。
So have in this context is stative. They have brown hair.
在这个语境中 have 是状态动词。他们拥有棕色的头发。
We can't say: They are having brown hair. But but is coming up quite a bit during this lesson, well there are a few exceptions.
我们不能说：他们正在拥有棕色的头发。但是，但是在这节课中又要出现了，还是有一些例外的。
Because we use have a lot in English and it has different meanings each time. It can mean:
因为我们在英文中经常使用 have，每次都有不同的含义。它的意思可以是：
To host, expect, eat or drink or to experience. So these verbs are all action verbs which means we can use them in the continuous tenses.
举办，期待，吃喝或体验。这些动词都是动作动词，这意味着我们可以在进行时态中使用它们。
We're having a party this weekend. Have means host.
这个周末我们要举行一个聚会。Have 的意思是举办。
She's having a baby in June. Have is expect.
她预期在六月份生宝宝。Have 是预期的意思。
They were having lunch. So now, have means eat.
他们正在吃午饭。这里 have 的意思是吃。
So just make sure you stop every now and again and just think about the true meaning of have. Can you replace have with own or possess?
所以你需要时不时地停下来，思考一下 have 的真正含义是什么。你可以用 own 或 possess 来代替 have 吗？
Or does it mean something else? This will be a really good guide if you're trying to decide whether to treat this as a stative or an active verb.
还是其他的意思？如果你在决定要把它看作是状态动词还是动作动词的话，这是一个很好的指导。
The next verb to be careful of is be. You are funny.
下一个要注意的动词是 be。你很有趣。
So be in this sentence refers to part of your personality, so this is a fact, a state. It's who you are.
这个句子中的 be 指的是你的个性中的一部分，所以这是一个事实，一个状态。这是你的特质。
You are a funny person. But if I say: You are being funny.
你是一个有趣的人。但是如果我说：你表现得很有趣。
Here, be means you're acting or behaving in that way. So in this context, it's perfectly okay to use the continuous form.
在这里，be 的意思是你是那么表现的。因此在这个语境中，使用进行时是完全可以的。
The other verb I want to mention is think. Now think can be active or stative.
我想说的另一个动词是思考。思考可以是动作或状态动词。
But when think means to have an opinion, then it's stative. What do you think about these earrings?
但是，当思考意味着拥有意见的时候，它就是表示状态。你觉得这些耳环怎么样？
But when think means consider, it's an action. What are you thinking about ordering?
但是当 think 表示的是思考的意思的时候，就是一个动作。你想点什么？
There's one more thing that I want to mention that I want you to be aware of. Sometimes these rules are broken by native speakers especially in informal context.
我有意见我想提一下，让大家了解的事情。有时候母语者不会遵循这些规则，尤其是在非正式语境中。
You'll hear someone saying: I'm loving this song! In the moment of enjoying the song, they'll say that.
你会听到有人说：我爱这首歌！在享受那首歌的时刻，他们会这么说。
Are you wanting my help with that? Here in Australia I hear people saying things like this all the time, so where does that leave us?
你需要我的帮助吗？在澳大利亚，我听到人们一直这么说，所以那告诉我们什么信息呢？
Is it wrong to say: I'm loving it? I mean McDonald's has kind of made that pretty standard now.
是不是说：I'm loving it 是错误的？麦当劳已经让这种表达成为标准了。
Are the millions of English speakers using the verb love incorrect when they say: I'm loving it? Let's just say that this is one of the many ways that English is changing and evolving.
数百万的说英语的人在说 I'm loving it 的时候，使用的是不是 love 的错误形式？其实这就是英语在变化和进化的很多种方式之一。
I mean, rules are made to be broken, aren't they? Are you ready to test what you've learned today?
规则就是用来打破的，不是吗？你准备好测试今天学到的知识了吗？
I really want you to practise using these stative verbs accurately. So I'm gonna give you some sentences where the verb has been used incorrectly and you need to correct them either by changing the tense or by swapping out the verb.
我希望大家练习正确地使用这些状态动词。我要给大家一些句子，其中动词使用的是错误的形式，你需要通过更改时态或换掉动词来纠正它们。
Let's do the first one together. They were thinking it was a bad idea.
让我们一起做第一个吧。他们认为这是一个坏主意。
What does thinking mean in this sentence? Does it mean to have an opinion or to consider something?
Think 在这句话中是什么意思？是拥有意见还是考虑某件事情？
It means to have an opinion so it's a stative verb. We can correct it by saying:
它的意思是拥有意见，所以是状态动词。我们可以这样说来纠正它：
They thought it was a bad idea. Now it's your turn.
他们认为这是一个坏主意。现在到你了。
So just make sure you pause the lesson after each example so you have time to think about the answers. And of course, write those answers down in the comments below so that I can come down and check them all out for you.
一定要在每个例子之后暂停课程，这样你就有时间思考答案了。当然了，大家可以在下面的评论区写下你的答案，这样我就可以去给大家检查一下啦。
I am wishing you a happy birthday. She didn't answer the phone because she was hearing music.
祝你生日快乐。她没有听到电话，因为她正在听音乐。
They are not believing in magic. I have been knowing Lucy for 5 years.
他们不相信魔术。我认识露西已经有5年了。
You are having your birthday party tomorrow. Well that's it for this lesson!
你明天要参加生日聚会。这节课就这么多啦！
I really hope that it was useful to learn about action and stative verbs. Really focusing some time and energy on learning stative verbs will help you to understand how to use them accurately in your English sentences.
希望学习动作和状态动词对你而言是有用的。花一些时间和精力在学习状态动词上可以帮助你了解如何在英语句子中准确地使用它们。
Now I've got a few other grammar lessons that will be really useful for practising stative and active verbs okay? I've added the links to them down in the comments below.
我还有其他的一些语法课程，对于练习状态和动作动词真的很有用。我在下面的评论中添加了它们的链接。
As always, make sure you're subscribed to the channel, turn on the notifications so I can let you know when there's a new lesson here for you. I will be back next week with another lesson for you but until then, why don't you check out this one, right here?
和往常一样，请确保你订阅了我的频道哦，打开通知，以便在有新课程发布的时候可以通知到你。下周我将给大家带来另一节课程，但是在那之前，为什么不看看这个课程呢？
I'll see you in there.
我在那里等待着大家。
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