双语丨语音学phonetics与音位学phonology的区别
七公子Lee2020-12-01 13:18
Both phonetics and phonology are concerned with speech.
语音学和音位学都是对语音的研究。
Although speech comes to us naturally and therefore seems simple, it soon becomes clear how complex it is when we try to describe in detail and explain how it works.
虽然语音对我们来说很自然，因此看起来很简单，但当我们试图详细地描述和解释它是如何工作的时候，很快就会明白它是多么复杂。
Phonetics is the study of the production, perception, and physical properties of speech sounds,
语音学研究语音的产生、感知和物理特性，
while phonology attempts to account for how they are combined, organized, and convey meaning in particular languages.
而音位学则试图解释 语音如何在在特定的语言中结合、组织和表达含义。
Phonetics is the study of the actual sounds, i. e. the analysis and modeling of the speech signals;
语音学是对实际声音的研究，即对语音信号的分析和建模;
phonology is concerned with a more abstract description of speech sounds and tries to describe the regularities of sound pattern s.
音位学涉及对语音的更抽象的描述，并试图描述语音模式的规律。
So, in this sense, phonology is language-specific. It is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.
因此，从这个意义上说，音位学是语言特有的。它研究的是自然语言中语音是如何组织和使用的。
Specifically speaking,phonetics is a study of speech sounds
具体地说，语音学是对语音的研究。
while phonology is a study of the sound system of a language.
而音位学是研究一种语言的声音系统。
The former deals with the concrete aspects like how sounds are produced by human speech organs, how sounds are transmitted from the speaker's mouth to the listener's ears,how sounds are perceived by the listener, how sounds are classified, and how sounds are described in terms of different criteria.
前者涉及具体的方面，如声音是如何由人类语音器官产生的，声音是如何从说话人的嘴到听者的耳朵，声音是如何被听者感知的，声音是如何分类的，以及声音是如何根据不同的标准被描述的。
The latter copes with the abstract aspects like,whether sounds can differentiate word meaning and how sounds are combined into permissible patterns,
后者处理的是一些抽象的方面，比如，声音是否能区分单词的意思（词义），以及声音如何被组合成允许的模式，
Speech sounds,as we have seen,are in themselves physically different from each other in a number of ways, such as velum position, place of articulation, manner of articulation, voicing, tongue position, lip rounding, etc.
语音，正如我们所看到的，在物理上彼此在许多方面都是不同的，比如软腭的位置，发音的位置，发音的方式，发声，舌头位置，圆唇化等。
They may also function differently in different languages.
它们在不同的语言中也有不同的功能。
Some of the differences are distinctive in that they serve to distinguish between words in a particular language system.
有些区别是独特的，因为它们用于区分 特定语言系统中的单词。
In English, for instance, the differences between [p] and [b], between [f] and [v] are distinctive.
例如，在英语中，[p]和[b]， [f]和[v]之间的区别是明显的。
Substituting one for the other in each pair would bring about a change in word meaning: pin would become bin and fat would become vat.
每一对中的一个替换另一个会导致词义的变化:pin变成bin，fat变成vat。
Distinctive sounds of this kind are called phoneme s and are customarily enclosed between two slashes“//”.
这种具有区分功能的声音称为音位（音素），通常夹在两个斜杠“//”之间。
The phoneme is the basic unit in phonology analysis.
音位是音位学分析的基本单位。
It is an abstract unit. Its realizations in actual speech can be varied.
它是一个抽象的单位。它在实际语音中的实现是多种多样的。
For instance,the phoneme/t/ can have different realizations in different contexts.
例如，音位/t/在不同的语境中可以有不同的实现形式。
It will be much to the front in the oral cavity in the word,e.g. “tea",
and much to the back in the word,e.g.“two”;
but they are still members of the same class realizing the phoneme /t/.
在单词中，它将会多到在口腔前面，例如。“tea”，
在单词中，它在后面有很多，例如“two”，
但它们仍然是同一类的成员，实现了音位/t/。
The nondistinctive form s of a phoneme are called allophones,
音位的非特异性形式（不具有区分功能的音位）称为音位变体，
Different languages have different phonological systems.
不同的语言有不同的音位系统。
In Chinese, for example, we do not have the phonemes /v/ or/θ/,which are used in English.
例如，在汉语中，我们没有音素/v/或/θ/，而英语中却使用。
举报/反馈
0
0
收藏
分享
