圣诞特刊｜186年来，希腊人如何庆祝圣诞？
松立海外2019-12-26 10:55
Christougena在希腊语中的意思是圣诞节，在每年的12月25日，家人们会聚在一起庆祝。
Christougena, which in Greek means Christmas, is celebrated on the 25th December and is a time when families come together to celebrate.
在希腊庆祝圣诞节和新年前夜，就像是置身于一件表现主义艺术作品中：装饰过的圣诞树、闪闪发光的装饰物，以及蓝白相间的灯光的“卡拉瓦基亚”(小型圣诞船)，无一不在装点着街道。
Celebrating Christmas and New Year`s Eve in Greece is like finding yourself in an expressionist work of art: decorated Christmas trees, shiny bright ornaments, and “karavakia” (small Christmas ships)decked with blue and white lights illuminate our streets.
圣诞节来临，怎么能没有圣诞树呢？
Christmas is coming, how can there be no Christmas tree?
Eurokinissi/ Thanasis Kalliaris / 希腊最高33m圣诞树
2019年，希腊最高的天然圣诞树在特里卡拉市中心正式点亮。
The city of Trikala has officially lit up Greece’s tallest natural Christmas tree for 2019, in the centre of the town.
周日晚上，成千上万的当地人来到小镇中心的Iroon Polytechniou广场上，欣赏这棵33米高的天然圣诞树上壮观的灯光。
Thousands of locals turned up to Iroon Polytechniou Square, the heart of the town, on Sunday evening and enjoyed the spectacular illumination of Greece’s tallest 33-metre-tall natural Christmas tree.
历史 | 相比圣诞树， 希腊人其实更爱“圣诞船”？
History | Do Greeks actually prefer“karavakia” (small Christmas ships) to Christmas trees?
the palace of King Otto in Athens / 位于希腊的国王奥托的宫殿
圣诞树作为节日象征，已经伴随希腊人走过了186年的时光。
The Christmas tree has been with the greeks for 186 years as a holiday symbol.
希腊第一棵圣诞树还要从1833年说起。当时，来自巴伐利亚的国王奥托带来了他的祖国的许多传统。新国王着手让俄陀那宫(Othonas)有家的感觉以来，每年圣诞节期间，他在雅典的宫殿里都会有一棵圣诞树。许多家庭也开始装饰圣诞树。
The first Christmas tree was brought to Greece in 1833. The King Otto, who was originally from Bavaria, brought with him many traditions from his old country. He set out to make the Palace of Othonas feel like home. Each year during Christmas there was a Christmas tree at his palace in Athens. Many families began to decorate Christmas trees, as well.
A romantic portrayal of Otto in Evzonas uniform / 奥托的画像
但在圣诞树进入人们的生活之前，根据希腊的传统，特别是在岛上，希腊人会装饰船只而不是圣诞树来庆祝节日。
But before Christmas trees came into people`s lives, According to tradition in Greece, especially the islands, the Greek people decorate ships instead of Christmas trees to celebrate the holiday season.
Traditional symbol behind Christmas boats / 希腊传统的“小船”
这是为什么呢？
Why is this?
这和希腊圣诞节的庆祝周期息息相关。在希腊，圣诞节在12月6日，也就是交换礼物的圣尼古拉斯节(St. Nicholas Day)时达到高潮，并持续到1月6日，即主显节(Feast of Epiphany)。
This is closely related to the Greek Christmas celebration cycle. In Greece, the Christmas season is in full swing by December 6th, St. Nicholas Day, when presents are exchanged, and lasts through January 6th, the Feast of Epiphany.
圣尼古拉斯是水手的守护神，而几乎每个希腊的岛屿家庭都在海军、航运、渔业或海绵潜水行业工作。在地中海和爱琴海环绕希腊的小渔船悬挂着蓝色和白色的彩灯(希腊国旗的颜色)，并把他的肖像放在舵轮上，以此向圣尼古拉斯致敬。
St. Nicholas is the patron saint of sailors, and nearly every island family in Greece works in the naval, shipping, fishing or sponge diving industries. The small fishing boats that circle Greece in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas honor St. Nicholas by stringing blue and white lights (the colors of the Greek flag) and placing a likeness of him at the helm.
因此，在希腊的许多地方，特别是在岛上，装饰船只的传统仍然很受欢迎。在一些家庭里，装饰圣诞树和圣诞船这两种传统都要遵守。现在，在雅典的宪法广场，总是有一棵圣诞树和一艘装饰过的船。
Therefore, in many of Greece, especially on the islands, the tradition of decorating boats remain as popular. In some families, both traditions are adhered to. For instance, in Syntagma Square in Athens, there is always both a Christmas tree and a decorated boat.
Christmas Boats in Greece / Karavakia
传说 | 希腊的圣诞精灵并不可爱，而是个磨人的小妖精？
Lore | Greek Christmas Elf is troublesome rather than cute?
相比于其他文化中的圣诞精灵，希腊的圣诞精灵就没那么友好了。他们被称为“卡利坎扎里”，只在圣诞节的12天期间，即圣诞节至主显节（12月25日至1月6日）之间出现，戏弄人们并吃掉他们的食物。
While other cultures have Christmas elves, the Greek equivalent is not so benign. Greece’s elves are called “kallikantzari”, prey upon people only during the twelve days of Christmas, between Christmas itself and Epiphany. They come out to tease people and eat their food.
对他们的描述各不相同，在一个地区，他们被认为穿着木制或铁制的靴子，更好地踢人，而其他地区坚持认为他们是用蹄子而不是靴子。根据希腊传说，这些生物出生于地球的中心，在主显节那天回到地球的核心。
Descriptions of them vary, and in one area they are believed to wear wooden or iron boots, the better to kick people, while other areas insist that they are hooved, not booted. According to the Greek legend, these creatures’ origin is the centre of the earth, and return to the centre on Epiphany.
Kallikantzari / 卡利坎扎里
据说，他们通过烟囱进入房屋，人们举行许多仪式来驱赶这些妖怪。在一些地方，母亲们在房子的每个房间里洒圣水来吓跑“小妖精”。在其他一些地方，比如塞弗隆尼亚岛(又称凯法隆尼亚岛)，妇女们会在家门口烧香，并画上十字架，以此来赶走这些不受欢迎的“客人”。
It is said that they enter houses through chimneys, numerous rituals are performed to keep these elves away. In some places, mothers sprinkle holy water in every room of the house to scare the “kallikantzari” away. In others, like the island of Cephalonia (or Kefalonia), women burn incense at the front door of their houses making the sign of the cross in order to repel these undesirable “guests”.
习俗 | 除了圣诞颂歌，希腊人热爱打碎石榴求好运？
custom | Besides Christmas carols, Greeks love to break pomegranates for good luck？
在圣诞节和新年前的早晨，孩子们成群结队地从一家到另一家去唱圣诞颂歌。每个地区都有不同的圣诞颂歌，但到处都是快乐的歌词，祝家庭成员好运和繁荣。
The mornings on the days before Christmas and New Year, children in groups go from one house door to the other to sing the carols. Every region has different Christmas carols but everywhere the lyrics are joyful and wish luck and prosperity to the family members.
三个“官方”颂歌日是在圣诞节前夕、新年前夕和1月5日主显节前夕的早晨唱的。
Greek Christmas carols (calanda) are sung on the mornings of Christmas Eve, New Year's Eve and January 5, the Eve of the Epiphany.
calanda / 圣诞颂歌
自古以来，石榴就象征着好运、青春和丰饶。在希腊的许多地方，人们会在家门口挂一个石榴。到新年的时候，希腊人在进门之前会在门阶上打碎一个石榴，让石榴的种子撒得到处都是，然后用右脚踩进屋里。
Since ancient times, the pomegranate has been the symbol of good fortune, youth, and fertility. In many Greek villages，In many parts of Greece, people hang a pomegranate above the front door of their house. on New Year’s Day, the householder stands outside the front door and breaks a pomegranate hitting it hard on the floor so that the seeds spread everywhere and step into their house on their right foot.
在除夕夜，他们把“kremmida”（大洋葱）挂在门外，第二天早上，父母用“kremmida”轻敲孩子的头，把他们叫醒，然后一起去教堂参加纪念圣巴西尔的礼拜仪式。
They hang a “kremmida” outside their doors on New Year's Eve. The next morning the father or the mother of the family wake up their children by gently tapping them on the head with the “kremmida”, then they all go to church to attend the liturgy held in commemoration of St. Basil.
pomegranate has been the symbol of good fortune, youth, and fertility / 石榴就象
美食 | 品尝一块圣巴西尔派(Vassilopita)，看看你会不会走运
Delicacies | Savour a piece of St. Basil's Pie (Vassilopita) and find out if you are going to be lucky.
传统上，希腊人的圣诞大餐的主菜是烤猪肉，还有各种各样的配菜。在过去的几年里，圣诞火鸡已经成为非常受欢迎的节日主菜。多年来，希腊人在他们的圣诞大餐中包括了火鸡。
Traditionally, the main course of Christmas dinner in Greece is roast pork, with a variety of side delicacies. In the past years, Christmas turkey has become very popular as the main dish of the holiday.
Christmas turkey，Traditional festive food for Christmas / 圣诞火鸡，传统圣诞餐
Melomakarona和kourabiedes是希腊两种不同的圣诞和新年饼干。第一种是浸满蜂蜜的粗粒小麦粉、肉桂和丁香饼干，第二种是洒有糖粉的玫瑰水和新鲜黄油饼干，通常是在新年时吃的，但许多人在年前就忍不住开始吃啦！
Melomakarona and kourabiedes are the two varieties of Christmas and New Year's cookies in Greece. The first are semolina, cinnamon, and clove cookies drenched in honey, while the second are rosewater and fresh butter cookies sprinkled with powdered sugar that are normally served on New Year's but many succumb to temptation and begin consuming them earlier.
Melomakarona
kourabiedes
克里斯托夫面包(基督面包)是在平安夜制作的面包，在烘烤之前，面包的表层会雕刻一个十字架。圣诞节那天，一家之主在面包上画一个十字，然后把它切开，分给餐桌上的每个人一块。
Christopsomo is the bread that is made on Christmas Eve, which has a cross carved into the top crust before it is baked. On Christmas Day, the head of the household makes the sign of the cross above the loaf of bread, cuts it and gives a piece to each person at the dining table.
Christopsomo，Christ-bread / 基督面包
Vasilopita是新年吃的蛋糕。在蛋糕烤好之前，要在里面放一枚硬币，硬币上要盖上箔纸。新年是写在蛋糕上面的杏仁。切蛋糕的人在上面画三次十字，然后开始给每个人、房子、基督、圣母玛利亚和圣瓦西利俄斯分别切蛋糕。谁的蛋糕里有硬币，谁就能在今年剩下的日子里有好运气。
Vasilopita is a cake that is eaten on New Year's Day. Before the cake is baked, a coin covered in foil is placed in it. The New Year is written on top of the cake with almonds. The person who cuts the cake makes the sign of the cross three times above it and then starts serving the pieces, one to each person, the house, Christ, The Virgin Mary and Saint Vasileios. Whoever has the coin in his piece of cake will have luck for the rest of the year.
Vasilopita - New Year's cake
宗教 | 庆祝耶稣的诞生，才是希腊圣诞节的意义
religious | the true reason for celebrating Christmas, is to celebrate the birth of Christ
由于基督教正统宗教的性质，圣诞节在希腊是一个非常具有宗教色彩的节日。圣诞季从圣尼古拉斯节开始，以主显节结束。主显节被称为与基督洗礼同等重要的盛宴。在这一天的前夕，祭司将拜访房屋，洒圣水，祝福他们和家庭成员。
Due to the nature of the Christian Orthodox religion, Christmas is a very religious holiday in Greece. The season starts of with Saint Nicolas day，concludes with Epiphany，a feast as important as the baptism of Christ.On the Eve of this day, the priest will visit houses and sprinkle holy water to bless them and the family members.
大大小小的教堂，灯火辉煌，回荡着欢快的钟声。在一些较大的教堂里，人们从钟楼上放飞一对鸽子。在仪式中，一个十字架被扔到水中——大海、湖泊或河流，任何人可以潜水并试图找回十字架。谁找到了十字架，并把它还给神父，神父就把特别的祝福送给这个人和他们的家人。
Churches large and small, are magnificently lit and echo with the joyful melodies of bells. In some larger churches a pair of doves are released from the bell tower. During the ceremony, a cross is thrown in the waters –sea, lakes or rivers，anyone may dive and try to recover the cross. Whoever finds the cross returns it to the priest, who then delivers a special blessing to the swimmer and their household.
希腊，一直是一个热情的好客者：圣诞节中，和谐的钟声和儿童的颂歌回荡在我们的城市和乡村,传统的美食象征着新年好运，装饰着我们白色的餐桌。在这幅充满圣诞感觉的图画中，深蓝色的海洋、绿色的森林、落日的红珊瑚和紫色的夜空使节日体验更加丰富多彩。
Greece has always been a passionate city : rharmonious bells and children’s carols echo through cities and villages,Traditional culinary delights symbolise good luck in the New Year and adorn our white-clothed tables. In this mosaic of Christmas sensations, holiday experiences are rendered even more colourful by the deep blue of our seas, the green forest of our mountains, the red coral of our sunsets, and the rich violet of our night sky.
从雅典开始，开始一场难忘的圣诞之旅！你还可以乘船到附近的岛屿，去帕纳索斯山滑雪，或在大陆上的德尔菲、米洛塔或纳夫里奥进行短暂但难忘的旅行。
From Athens, start an unforgettable Christmas journey! you can also take a cruise to nearby islands, go skiing on Mount Parnassos, or make short –yet memorable– trips around the mainland to Delphi, Meteora or Nafplio.
在希腊，我们热爱并珍惜圣诞节。最后，不要忘了在在元旦打开你们圣诞礼物，在希腊的1月1日那天，孩子们是会从在圣诞老人收到礼物的哦~
In Greece we love and cherish Christmas. Lastly,don`t foget toopen your presents on New Year's Day：Children in Greece receive their presents form St. Basil !
“火爆”是希腊移民旅游的代名词
2018年，希腊“黄金签证”累计申请人数达到9756人，超过美国EB5的申请人数，成为全球申请人数第一，最受欢迎的投资移民项目！
希腊移民如此火爆，优势何在？希腊移民10大优势，总有让你心动的理由！
No.1 申根成员国
希腊居留许可的持有人，享有在申根区如公民般的旅行特权。这意味着他们可以：
从原籍国直接前往任何申根国家；申根区域内自由旅行，除去冗长的海关检查；驻留在任何其它的申根国家可长达三个月，而每六个月的期间内有多次往返的权利。
No.2 投入资金低
投资移民，即需要在移民国投入一定的资金，以获得移民身份。投资的方向可以是房产，国债，也可以是企业项目。在目前的投资购房移民项目里，欧洲希腊25万欧元购房移民可以说是最经济实惠的国家了。
No.3 一人申请，三代移民
一人作为主申请人的同时，主申请人的配偶，双方父母及子女，可随主申请人同时获得5年的居留身份，真正的一人申请，三代移民。
No.4 申请门槛低
希腊对申请人的资金来源等没有背景调查，而且也无需学习希腊语，对语言没有丝毫要求。
No.5 子女入学6年即可入籍
孩子在只要在希腊上满6年学，21岁之前就可递交申请入籍。入籍之后孩子拿到的就是欧盟护照，按照欧盟的统一标准去上学，门槛更低，选择更广，学费更便宜。
No.6 医疗福利
希腊的医疗系统在全国广泛的普及，位居世界排名前列。在世界卫生组织的报告，它在整体评估排名是第14位，在服务质量上是第11位。
2010年，希腊共有138家医院和31000张病床。
No.7 无移民监
除在申请之前需要登录一次希腊外，在取得希腊长期居留身份之后，将没有任何的登陆或者居住要求，是整个欧洲在居住要求上最低的国家了。
No.8 投资环境优势
由于希腊旅游业的火爆带动当地投资市场一起活跃，因而房价也开始从之前的下跌开始回升。
有资料显示，2018年的希腊房产价格比起2016年上涨了接近5%，而且预计未来还有将近10%的上涨空间。
No.9 国家优势
你能带着家人一起享受浪漫的爱琴海的阳光、沙滩和空气，在希腊一年有300天以上的光照，还有纯净的空气和清澈的爱琴海海水，雾霾和污染也都会离你远去。
这样的环境使得希腊人有非常长的寿命，平均每个人是80.3岁，超过了世界经济合作与发展组织的平均年龄79.5岁，处于世界前列。
No.10 中希经济合作关系
自2006年建立全面战略伙伴关系以来，尤其是欧洲主权债务危机爆发后，中希两国关系以前所未有的速度向前发展。2013年“一带一路”倡议的提出，又为中希关系注入新的动力。
希腊购房移民
Greece Golden Visa
申请条件
1.主申请人年满18周岁；
2.在希腊购买25万欧元以上的房产；
3.无犯罪记录。
首次办理，主申的配偶、21岁以下子女以及双方父母可一同递交申请。
每增加1名家属（配偶或子女），主申年收入需增加0.5万欧元，每增加1名家属（主申或配偶之父母），主申年收入需增加0.8万欧元。
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