一、视频讲解
14:56
二、文字讲解
英语的被动语态
一、被动的格式
This dish is made with eggs and cheese
这道菜是由鸡蛋和奶酪做成的。
dish [d] n.盘;碟;一道菜;菜肴;
made [med] v. 做 (make的过去分词)
cheese [tiz] n. 奶酪
The bus was badly damaged.
公交车严重受损
badly ['bdl] adv. 非常,在很大程度上;damage ['dmd] vt.损害;毁坏
The room hasn’t been cleaned for months.
这个房间已经有几个月没打扫了
clean [klin] v. 清洁
被动语态的格式
主语+be动词+动词过去分词
This dish is made with eggs and cheese. (make)
The bus was badly damaged. (damage)
The room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (clean)
be动词可以有各种时态变化 (is , was, has not been)
过去分词始终不变 (made, damaged, cleaned)
练习:
Football is (play) all over the world
全世界都在踢足球
The project will be (finish) by Friday
项目将在周五完成
The letters were (send) to all customers last week
这些信上周就发给客户了
二、被动的时态变化
被动语态也可以用各种时态中
Football is played all over the world (一般现在时)
全世界都在踢足球
The project will be finished by Friday (一般将来时)
项目将在周五完成
The letters were sent to all customers last week
这些信上周就发给客户了 (一般过去时)
被动语态进行时态变化,只需将be动词进行时态变化即可,动词过去分词始终不变化
The letters were sent to all customers last week
这些信上周就发给客户了 (一般过去时)
The letters are sent to all customers everyday
这些信每天都发给客户 (一般现在时)
The letters will be sent to all customers next week
这些信下周要发给客户 (一般将来时)
The letters are being sent to all customers now.
这些信现在正在发给客户 (现在进行时)
The letters have been sent to all customers this week.
这些信这周都已经发给客户了 (现在完成时)
进行时态变化时,对be进行时态变化,整个过程中,过去分词始终不变化。
三、主动与被动的转化
I ate the red apple. 我吃了这个红苹果 (主动句) eat
(主) (宾)
The red apple was eaten by me. 红苹果被我吃了。 (被动句)
(主) (宾)
1、主动句和被动句,主语和宾语刚好相反
I ate the red apple. 我吃了这个红苹果 (主动句)
The red apple was eaten by me. 红苹果被我吃了。 (被动句)
2、从主动句到被动句,动词要变成 be动词+动词过去分词 形式
I ate the red apple. 我吃了这个红苹果 (主动句)
The red apple was eaten by me. 红苹果被我吃了。 (被动句)
3、被动句动词后接动作执行者时要加 by
三步:
1、主语和宾语对换
2、动词变成 “ be +过去分词 ” 形式
3、执行者前面加 by
I ate the red apple. 我吃了红苹果 (主动)
The red apple was eaten by me. 红苹果被我吃了 (被动)
练习:
I catch the ball. 我抓住了球。
She carries a bag everyday. 她每天都带着包
四、什么时候用被动?
被动语态通常会用于三种情况下
1、要改变强调对象时
英语中,谁在句子开头,谁就更重要一些
I ate the red apple. 我吃了这个红苹果
The red apple was eaten by me. 红苹果被我吃了。
这两句话的重点对象分别是 : 1、我 ; 2、红苹果、
所以第二句通过被动,将第一句中的重点 我,转换成第二句的 红苹果
体会一下重点的转移
I catch the ball. 我抓住了球。
The ball is caught by me 球被我抓住了
She carries a bag everyday. 她每天都带着包
The bag is carried by her everyday. 包每天都被她带着
2、当句子没出现主语或主语不重要时
(被动)
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了
The room has been cleaned today. 房间今天被打扫了
She was elected as manager. 她被选为经理
(主动)
??偷了我的自行车
??今天打扫了房间
??选她做经理
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了
The room has been cleaned today. 房间今天被打扫了
She was elected as manager. 她被选为经理
这3句话中,我们更专注的是动作本身,而不是谁做的这件事。
3、不想出现主语,想让句子间接,委婉,客气一些
You need to report it this afternoon. 今天下午你要报告这件事。
It needs to be reported this afternoon. 今天下午这个需要报告一下
第二句话更可气一些,委婉一些。第一句更像是个命令。
He should send the E-mail this afternoon.
他应该下午发送邮件。
The E-mail should be sent by him this afternoon.
邮件应该下午由他发送。
其他情况下尽量不要用被动,因为会使句子更长,更复杂
I ate the apple. 我吃了苹果。
The apple was eaten by me. 苹果被我吃了。
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