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“学越千山：生产运作的概念”

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Share interest, spread happiness, increase knowledge, and leave beautiful.

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Today, the editor brings the

Learning over a thousand mountains：The concept of production operations ，

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思维导图

Mind mapping

生产运作是指社会组织通过输入（如原材料、能源、资金、技术等）转化为输出（即产品或服务）的过程。它是组织创造价值的主要环节，也是组织竞争力的源泉。生产运作不仅涉及物质产品的制造，还包括无形服务的提供。

Production operation refers to the process in which social organizations convert inputs such as raw materials, energy, capital, and technology into outputs, namely products or services. It is the main link for organizations to create value and the source of organizational competitiveness. Production operations not only involve the manufacture of physical products, but also the provision of intangible services.

分类

Classification

生产运作可以根据不同的维度进行分类，以下是主要分类方式及其详细解释：

Production operations can be classified according to different dimensions. The following are the main classification methods and their detailed explanations:

一、按产出分类

I. Classification by output

产品生产：主要提供有形的产品。

Product production: mainly providing tangible products.

服务运作：提供的基本上是无形的行为或绩效，可能与某种物质产品相联系，也可能毫无联系。

Service operation: It primarily offers intangible services or performance, which may or may not be linked to a physical product.

二、产品生产按工艺分类

II. Product production is classified by process

连续性生产(Continuous production )

特点：物料均匀、连续地按一定工艺顺序运动，在运动中不断改变形态和性能，最后形成产品。这种生产方式通常生产设备投资高、生产连续性强、流程比较规范、工艺柔性比较小、产品比较单一、原料比较稳定。

Features: Materials move uniformly and continuously in a certain process sequence, constantly changing their form and properties during the movement, and finally forming products. This production method usually requires high investment in production equipment, strong continuity of production, standardized processes, relatively low process flexibility, relatively single products, and stable raw materials.

特殊形式：流水线生产，是连续性生产的一种高效组织形式，通过一系列有序的工作站，使产品在流水线上连续不断地完成加工和装配。

Special form: Pipeline production is an efficient organizational form of continuous production, which enables products to be continuously processed and assembled on a pipeline through a series of orderly workstations.

离散性生产(Discrete production)

特点：物料离散地按一定工艺顺序运动，在运动中不断改变形态和性能，最后形成产品。离散性生产的产品往往由不同供应商提供的各种零部件加工装配而成，工序连续性不强。

Features: Materials move discretely in a certain process sequence, constantly changing their form and properties during the movement, and finally forming products. Products produced in a discrete manner are often assembled from various components provided by different suppliers, resulting in a lack of process continuity.

特殊形式：组装生产，是将各种零部件按照一定的工艺流程进行组装，形成最终产品的生产方式。

Special form: Assembly production is a production method in which various components are assembled according to a certain process flow to form the final product.

三、产品生产按企业组织分类

III. Product production is classified according to enterprise organization

备货型生产（MTS, Make-to-Stock）

特点：在市场需求调查、预测的基础上，有计划地进行生产，以满足市场需求的共同性。产品通常是通用产品，标准件，如电冰箱、电视机、方便面等。

Features: Based on market demand surveys and forecasts, production is carried out in a planned manner to meet the commonality of market demand. Products are usually general-purpose products, standard parts, such as refrigerators, televisions, instant noodles, etc.

优点：产品标准化程度高，生产效率高，用户订货提前期短。

Advantages: high degree of product standardization, high production efficiency, short lead time for users to place orders.

缺点：库存水平高，难以满足顾客个性化的需求。

Disadvantages: High inventory levels, difficult to meet customers' personalized needs.

订货型生产（MTO, Make-to-Order）

特点：按用户特定的要求进行的生产。用户可能对产品提出各种各样的要求，经过双方协商，以合同的方式确定产品的品种、性能、数量及交货期等方面的内容。

Features: Production tailored to specific user requirements. Users may have various requirements for the product. Through mutual negotiation, the content of the product's variety, performance, quantity, and delivery date are determined in the form of a contract.

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翻译：百度翻译

参考资料：百度百科，

《生产运作管理》ISBN：9787111703570

本文由LearningYard新学苑整理并发出，如有侵权请后台留言沟通。